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Uterine Fibroid: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment | Smriti IVF

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. Many women have no symptoms, while others may experience heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or fertility concerns.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) tumors made of muscle and fibrous tissue. They grow in the wall of the uterus or on its surface and can vary in size—from very small to large masses that can enlarge the uterus. Fibroids are not cancer, and they rarely turn into cancer.

Key point

Many fibroids don’t cause symptoms, but monitoring is important if symptoms or fertility concerns appear.

Types of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are classified based on their location in the uterus:

Intramural fibroids

Grow within the muscular wall of the uterus (most common type).

Submucosal fibroids

Develop under the inner lining and may cause heavy menstrual bleeding.

Subserosal fibroids

Form on the outer surface and may press on nearby organs.

Pedunculated fibroids

Grow on a stalk either inside or outside the uterus.

Uterine Fibroid Symptoms

Many women do not experience symptoms. When symptoms occur, they may include:

  • Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
  • Pelvic pain or pressure
  • Lower back pain
  • Frequent urination
  • Constipation
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Enlarged abdomen
  • Difficulty getting pregnant

Symptom severity depends on the size, number, and location of fibroids.

Causes of Uterine Fibroids

The exact cause isn’t fully known, but possible factors include:

  • Hormonal imbalance (estrogen and progesterone)
  • Genetic changes
  • Family history of fibroids
  • Early onset of menstruation
  • Obesity
  • Vitamin D deficiency

Hormones play a key role in fibroid growth, which is why they often shrink after menopause.

Risk Factors

You may be at higher risk of developing uterine fibroids if you:

  • Are between 20–50 years of age
  • Have a family history of fibroids
  • Are overweight
  • Have high estrogen levels
  • Have not had children

Diagnosis of Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are typically diagnosed through:

  • Pelvic examination
  • Ultrasound scan (most common test)
  • MRI scan (for detailed imaging)
  • Hysteroscopy (in some cases)

Early diagnosis helps with effective management and treatment planning.

Can Uterine Fibroids Affect Pregnancy?

Some fibroids may interfere with fertility or increase pregnancy complication risks. However, many women with fibroids conceive and have healthy pregnancies. Early medical consultation is especially important if you are planning pregnancy.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if you experience:

  • Very heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Severe pelvic pain
  • Rapid abdominal enlargement
  • Difficulty in conceiving
  • Symptoms affecting daily life

Early treatment helps

Timely care can improve quality of life and help prevent complications.

Need Fibroid & Fertility Support?

Smriti IVF provides evaluation and guidance for uterine fibroids and fertility planning.